The wars came to an end in 17AD when Tiberius conquered Cappadocia and placet it under Roman rule. After the conquest, the Romans reconstructed the road to the west which was of both commercial and military significance. During the Roman era the area saw many migrations and attacks from the east. The area was defended by Roman military units known as "Legions".

During the reign of Emperor Septimus Severus Cappadocia's economy flourished, but later teh capital, Kayseri (Caesera) was attacked by Sassanid armies from Irna. emperor Gordianus III ordered the construction of defensive city walls.

During this time some of the first Christians were moving from the big cities to villages. In the 4th century, when Kayseri was a flourishing religious centre, the rocky surroundings of Göreme were discovered and adopting the teachings of St.Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (Kayseri), teh Christians began to lead a monastic life in the carved out cliffs and fairy chimneys of Cappadocia.